Since the first of August 2019, Nigeria has recorded an increase in the number of yellow fever cases in Katsina, Bauchi and Benue States. To ensure a well-coordinated response and quick control of the outbreak, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) activated a national Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) on the 5th of November 2019. This was followed by immediate deployment of RRT to support response activities in the three affected states. The EOC has representatives from the Federal Ministry of Health, National Primary Health care Development Agency (NPHCDA), and development partners- World Health Organization, US Centres for Disease Control, United Nations Children Fund, African Field Epidemiology Network and Georgetown University.
Since September 2017, Nigeria has recorded suspected cases of yellow fever in all 36 States of the country and the Federal Capital Territory. In line with the Eliminating Yellow Fever Epidemics (EYE) strategy, NCDC, NPHCDA and partners have focused on the following:
1. Strong coordination of laboratories providing laboratory confirmation
2. Rapid deployment of Rapid Response Team for immediate investigation of confirmed cases
3. Rapid mobilization of entomology team for the survey
4. Rapid development of ICG request for reactive vaccination
5. Case management support
6. Preventive mass vaccination campaign
7. Increased risk communication activities
Yellow fever is a completely vaccine preventable disease and a single shot of the yellow fever vaccine protects for a lifetime. In Nigeria, vaccination against yellow fever is primarily through the routine childhood immunisation. Where necessary, catch up campaigns are carried out to increase population immunity. The yellow fever vaccine is available for free in all primary healthcare centres in Nigeria as part of the routine childhood immunisation schedule. We encourage every family to ensure that children receive all their childhood vaccines.
In addition to the vaccine, the public is advised to keep their environment clean and free of stagnant water to discourage the breeding of mosquitoes and ensure the consistent use of insecticide treated mosquito nets, screens on windows and doors to prevent access for mosquitoes. Especially, hikers, park visitors and people engaged with activities in the wild are encouraged to be vaccinated against yellow fever. It is important to avoid self-medication - visit a health facility immediately if you feel ill.
The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) remains committed to working with NPHCDA and other partners to ensure the prevention and control of vaccine preventable diseases. Yellow fever is preventable- play your part by getting vaccinated.
Notes
1. Information for this disease was retrieved from the Technical Working Group and Situation Reports
2. Case Fatality Rate (CFR) for this disease is reported for confirmed cases only
3. Information for this disease was retrieved from IDSR 002 data
4. CFR for this disease is reported for total cases i.e. suspected + confirmed
5. Information for sentinel influenza was retrieved from the laboratory
Key points
• There were 92 suspected cases of Lassa Fever (LF) reported from 27 LGAs in 12 states and FCT (Edo – 45, Ondo – 20, Ebonyi – 5, Bauchi – 4, Nasarawa – 1, Plateau – 4, FCT – 1, Taraba – 1, Adamawa – 1, Zamfara – 2, Lagos – 1, Benue – 5, Akwa Ibom – 1 & Abia – 1). There were four confirmed cases (Edo-2, Ondo-2)and one death (Edo)
Actions
To date:
• The national Lassa Fever (LF) multi-partner, multi-sectoral Technical Working Group (TWG) continues to coordinate the response activities at all levels
• Harmonisation of LF laboratory, case management and surveillance data into the SORMAS platform
Planned:
• Finalise LF psychosocial guideline in November 2019
• Review LF case management and surveillance tools and SOPs in November 2019
• Implement rodent control measures in hotspot LGAs (Phase 2)
Key points
• There were 19 suspected cases of Cerebrospinal Meningitis (CSM) reported from eight LGAs in six states (Borno – 1, Cross River – 1, Kaduna – 1, Katsina – 14, Ondo – 1, Yobe – 1). None was laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded
Actions
To date:
• The national CSM TWG meets weekly to review reports from states and plan appropriately
Planned:
• Continue harmonisation of the national line list and SORMAS data
• Collate CSM risk assessment, preparedness and response checklist for 2019/2020 from states to reflect 2018/2019 CSM response
• Continue to work closely with Katsina state’s team for further investigation of CSM cases and ensure proper sample collection
Key points
• There were 106 suspected cases of Yellow Fever (YF) reported from 51 LGAs in 20 states and FCT. None was laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded
Actions
To date:
• The national Yellow Fever (YF) Technical Working Group to continues to coordinate response activities
• Follow up with the new states with confirmed cases (Taraba and Plateau states)
Planned:
• Activate the Emergency Operation Centre to coordinate response activities
• Deploy the national rapid response team to support response in Benue and Katsina states
• Provide technical assistance to Bauchi state to conduct detailed investigation in Ningi LGA
• Follow up with NPHCDA on the pre-implementation plans for yellow fever reactive mass vaccination campaigns in the implementing LGAs/states
• Provide update from states to Risk Communication pillar for Action
Key points
• There were 25 suspected cases of Cholera reported from seven LGAs in four states (Abia – 1, Adamawa – 7, Borno – 16, & Lagos – 1). There were 7 laboratory confirmed cases and no death was recorded
Actions
• The national cholera multisectoral Technical Working Group (TWG) is monitoring all states and supporting already affected states
• Communication team working with relevant TWGs to develop flood advisories
Planned:
• Follow up with states with active outbreak and monitor non-reporting states
• Deploy a team from NCDC to carry out investigation of the ongoing outbreak in Lagos State
• Support activities of the World Toilet Day led by the Federal Ministry of Environment
Key points
• There were 384 suspected cases of measles reported from 137 LGAs in 30 states and FCT. None was laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded
Actions
To date
• The national measles TWG is closely monitoring surveillance data and response activities across the country
Planned:
• Continue review of measles surveillance data across the country
• Follow up with Katsina surveillance team to obtain measles line list
• National TWG to be represented at the Measles Elimination Verification committee meeting scheduled for 11th to 13th November
Key points
• There were three suspected cases of monkeypox reported from three LGAs in three states (Akwa Ibom – 1, Bayelsa – 1 & Lagos – 1). There was one laboratory confirmed (Lagos) and no death was recorded
Actions
• The national monkeypox TWG is monitoring activities in all states
• Surveillance and case management regional training in South East and South West regions
• Surveillance has been enhanced in all affected states
Planned
• Regional monkeypox surveillance training to hold in South East, South West and North Central in November 2019
• Capture monkeypox data into SITAWARE for real time reporting
Key points
• There were 127 suspected cases of AFP reported from 112 LGAs in 27 states and FCT. None was laboratory confirmed and no death was recorded
Key points
There were 67 processed samples positive for influenza, with 61 for influenza A, 5 for influenza B and 1 for influenza A & B
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