There is currently no specific treatment yellow fever. Good and early supportive treatment in hospitals including treating dehydration and undernutrition, management of metabolic acidosis, liver and kidney failure, correcting clotting abnormalities, and antibiotic treatment for secondary bacterial infections improves survival rates. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC)

Vaccination with the yellow fever vaccine provides life-long protection, and is the most important means of preventing yellow fever. Vaccination strategies useful in the prevention of yellow fever disease and its transmission include:

• Routine infant immunisation

• Mass vaccination campaigns designed to increase coverage in countries at risk

• Vaccination of travellers going to yellow fever endemic areas.

Prompt recognition and control of outbreaks using mass vaccination is critical in high-risk areas where vaccination coverage is low. It is important to vaccinate most (80% or more) of the population at risk to prevent transmission. Therefore, prompt detection of yellow fever and rapid response through emergency vaccination campaigns are essential for controlling outbreaks.

The risk of transmission in urban areas can be reduced by eliminating potential mosquito breeding sites e.g. places and containers where standing water collects. Vector surveillance and control are components of transmission control in epidemic situations. Targeting Aedes aegypti and other Aedes species in terms of vector surveillance will help inform where there is a risk of an urban outbreak.

Nigeria References

Tomori O. Yellow fever in Africa: public health impact and prospects for control in the 21st century. Biomedica. 2002 Jun;22 (2):178-210.

World Health Organization. Yellow fever laboratory diagnostic testing in Africa. Interim guidance, 2016. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/246226/WHO-OHE-YF-LAB-16.1-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

World Health Organization. Yellow fever - Nigeria. Disease outbreak news. 9 January 2019. https://www.who.int/csr/don/09-january-2019-yellow-fever-nigeria/en/

Further Reading

NCDC: https://ncdc.gov.ng/diseases/sitreps/?cat=10&name=An%20update%20of%20Yellow%20Fever%20outbreak%20in%20Nigeria%20%22%22

US CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/index.html

WHO: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/yellow-fever

https://www.who.int/csr/disease/yellowfev/en/

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